COMMON SCALP SKIN RELATED DISEASES

 Signs and symptoms, and common diagnostic approaches for scalp skin-related diseases:

1. Seborrheic Dermatitis:

   - Definition:A common inflammatory skin condition affecting the scalp, resulting in redness, itching, and flaky scales.

   - Signs and Symptoms: Greasy, red skin covered with white or yellowish scales; itching; dandruff.

   - Diagnosis: Clinical examination, sometimes skin biopsy, ruling out other conditions.

2. Tinea Capitis (Scalp Ringworm):

   - Definition:Fungal infection of the scalp, often affecting children, causing hair loss and scaling.

   - Signs and Symptoms: Circular patches of hair loss, redness, scaling, itching.

   - Diagnosis: Clinical examination, Wood's lamp examination, fungal culture.

3. Psoriasis of the Scalp:

   - Definition: Chronic autoimmune condition causing the rapid turnover of skin cells on the scalp, leading to red, scaly patches.

   - Signs and Symptoms: Red, raised, inflamed patches with silvery scales; itching and discomfort.

   - Diagnosis: Clinical examination, skin biopsy, sometimes imaging studies.

4. Folliculitis:

   - Definition: Inflammation of hair follicles often caused by bacterial or fungal infection, resulting in red, itchy bumps.

   - Signs and Symptoms: Red, itchy, or painful bumps around hair follicles; pustules.

   - Diagnosis: Clinical examination, culture of pus if infection is suspected.

5. Contact Dermatitis:

   - Definition: Inflammation of the skin due to contact with irritants or allergens.

   - Signs and Symptoms: Red, itchy, swollen scalp; sometimes blisters or oozing.

   - Diagnosis:Clinical examination, patch testing to identify allergens.

6. Scalp Psoriasis:

   - Definition: Psoriasis specifically affecting the scalp, leading to red, scaly patches.

   - Signs and Symptoms: Red, raised patches with silvery scales on the scalp; itching.

   - Diagnosis:Clinical examination, skin biopsy, sometimes imaging studies.

7. Alopecia Areata:

   - Definition: Autoimmune condition causing hair loss in patches on the scalp.

   - Signs and Symptoms: Sudden onset of smooth, round bald patches; sometimes tingling or itching.

   - Diagnosis:Clinical examination, scalp biopsy, blood tests to rule out autoimmune disorders.

8. Dandruff (Pityriasis Simplex Capitis):

   - Definition: Common scalp condition characterized by flaking of the skin.

   - Signs and Symptoms: White or yellowish scales on the scalp; itching.

   - Diagnosis: Clinical examination, ruling out ot

her conditions, often based on symptoms.